{"id":49,"date":"2023-05-03T15:49:53","date_gmt":"2023-05-03T15:49:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kidneychef.com\/essential-vitamins-for-the-ckd-patient\/"},"modified":"2023-05-06T19:45:30","modified_gmt":"2023-05-06T19:45:30","slug":"essential-vitamins-for-the-ckd-patient","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kidneychef.com\/essential-vitamins-for-the-ckd-patient\/","title":{"rendered":"Essential Vitamins for the CKD Patient"},"content":{"rendered":"
Stephanie Legin, RD, LDN
Renal Dietitian |<\/p>\n
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Did you know there are 13 known vitamins the human body needs to function properly?<\/p>\n
Vitamins are substances the body needs to help carry out special functions. Almost all vitamins come from the foods you eat since the body cannot make them. \u00a0They help the body use the foods you eat, provide energy, help the body grow and repair tissue, and are necessary to sustain life. It is recommended that people try to meet their vitamin requirements through a healthy eating plan that includes nutrient-dense forms of food.<\/p>\n
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Unfortunately, most people \u2014 especially those with\u00a0chronic kidney disease\u00a0(CKD) or end stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis \u2014 do not get enough of the recommended vitamins on a daily basis. Due to this, consuming the necessary amounts of essential vitamins is difficult and can lead to vitamin deficiencies.<\/p>\n
Individuals with CKD 1-4 typically are on restricted diets based on their level of kidney function. This limits specific foods or portion sizes from different food groups. Individuals with CKD 5 (on dialysis) are the most susceptible to vitamin deficiencies due to their highly restricted diet as well as the impact of dialysis treatments. Treatments can filter out waste products as well as some beneficial nutrients.<\/p>\n
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Vitamin supplements are typically recommended and necessary for all individuals at various stages of CKD and ESRD to maintain proper health, prevent further health or medical complications, and maintain remaining kidney function. It is recommended that all patients on dialysis receive a special renal multivitamin. Healthcare providers and dietitians can help determine which vitamins are needed by reviewing health histories and evaluating blood work results.<\/p>\n
Below is an overview of the vitamins the body cannot do without, and the ones that should be limited or avoided along with the daily dietary recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease.<\/p>\n
Individuals with CKD have greater requirements for the water soluble vitamins, vitamins B and C.\u00a0 Depending on the level of CKD, health, and other factors, healthcare providers may recommend water soluble vitamins.<\/p>\n
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)<\/strong><\/p>\n Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)<\/strong><\/p>\n Niacin (Vitamin B3)<\/strong><\/p>\n Vitamin B6<\/strong><\/p>\n Folate (Vitamin B9)<\/strong><\/p>\n Vitamin B12<\/strong><\/p>\n Biotin (Vitamin B7)<\/strong><\/p>\n Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n There are two major forms of vitamin D<\/a>; vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol-synthetic), and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol-natural).\u00a0 <\/em>The kidneys are necessary in the production and conversion of inactive vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) to active D3 (calcitriol)<\/em>. \u00a0<\/em>When kidney function declines, the body\u2019s ability to make vitamin D active is diminished.\u00a0 As a result, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in individuals with CKD, especially ESRD.\u00a0 \u00a0Individuals with ESRD, on dialysis, may need supplementation with the active form of vitamin D (D3).<\/p>\n Individuals with any stage of CKD should consult their healthcare providers before taking any form of vitamin D.\u00a0\u00a0 Health care providers determine the specific type and amount of vitamin D needed based on individual need.\u00a0\u00a0 Blood tests (vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, & PTH) are necessary to determine type and amount of vitamin D supplementation required.<\/p>\n Individuals with CKD may need to avoid vitamins A, E and K<\/strong>.\u00a0 These vitamins are more likely to build up in the body and can cause harm.\u00a0 Over time, they can cause\u00a0dizziness,\u00a0nausea, and even death.\u00a0\u00a0 These vitamins should only be taken if a healthcare provider prescribes them.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n ~ALWAYS REMEMBER TO CONSULT HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS BEFORE TAKING SUPPLEMENTS OF ANY KIND~<\/strong><\/p>\n The content of this article is for informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. KidneyChef urges you to seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding any medical condition. KidneyChef advises you to never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on the Website.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or local emergency service immediately. KidneyChef does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, physicians, products, procedures, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned on the website. KidneyChef does not guarantee the accuracy of information on the Website and reliance on any information provided by KidneyChef is solely at your own risk.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Bossola, M.; Di Stasio, E.; Viola, A.; Leo, A.; Carlomagno, G.; Monteburini, T.; Cenerelli, S.; Santarelli, S.; Boggi, R.; Miggiano, G.; et al. Dietary intake of trace elements, minerals, and vitamins of patients on chronic hemodialysis. Int. Urol. Nephrol. 2014, 46, 809\u2013815.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Chazot, C.; Jean, G.; Kopple, J.D. Can Outcomes be Improved in Dialysis Patients by Optimizing Trace Mineral, Micronutrient, and Antioxidant Status? The Impact of Vitamins and their Supplementation. Semin. Dial. 2016, 29, 39\u201348.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Descombes, E.; Hanck, A.B.; Fellay, G. Water soluble vitamins in chronic hemodialysis patients and need for supplementation. Kidney Int. 1993, 43, 1319\u20131328.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n Nephrol Dial Transplant<\/em>. 2007;22[Suppl 2]:ii45-ii87<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2878736\/<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21195933<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/staying-healthy\/listing_of_vitamins<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n https:\/\/nccih.nih.gov\/health\/vitamins<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.niddk.nih.gov\/health-information\/kidney-disease\/chronic-kidney-disease-ckd\/anemia<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.kidney.org\/atoz\/content.vitamineral<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n\n
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Vitamin C<\/h4>\n
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Fat Soluble Vitamins<\/h3>\n
Vitamin D<\/h4>\n
Consult Your Doctor Before Taking Vitamin D<\/h4>\n
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Fat Soluble Vitamins to Avoid\u00a0When You\u00a0Have CKD<\/h3>\n
Vitamin A, E, & K<\/h4>\n
Vitamin A<\/h4>\n
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Vitamin E<\/h4>\n
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Vitamin K<\/h4>\n
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References<\/h4>\n